Lowering the toilet lid has been historically believed to help prevent the dispersion of large droplets, and some earlier studies recommended discouraging the use of lidless toilets. However, a January 2024 study showed that there is no statistically significant difference between having the toilet lid raised or lowered during flushes, instead recommending vigorous brushing of the toilet bowl and associated surfaces with disinfectant as a more effective method to mitigate the impact of toilet plumes.
As stated in the article
OP confirmed for not reading their own article.