do you have short bursts of motivation, then need a long break to recover from what you did? do you have problems with focusing hour-long at a specific task? do you feel like napping at random times throughout the day?
well, that’s because you’re an apex predator. a lion can only sprint for 1 km before it needs to cool down, or its body would overheat.
It can be all of the above!
That’s the w o n d e r f u l thing about disorders (rather than diseases). A disorder is just any embodied experience that’s unpleasant or makes your life harder.
So it: 1) doesn’t need a single, unambiguous, canonical cause; and 2) is (at least partially) culturally-defined.
You can imagine a society that caters more towards ADHD and doesn’t even treat it as a disorder, and instead identifies (our society’s) neurotypical executive function as a disorder.
We have to keep in mind that no scientific field is purely descriptive. Yes, even the hardest of the hard sciences have some normative component. (Lookin at you, math and physics — but especially physics.)
So when we talk about disorders, it’s not just about biological function. It’s also about everyone’s favorite thing: politics! Salient example: Homosexuality is a disorder, until it’s not.